Southern blot
Southern blot
The Southern blot is a method used in molecular biology for detection of a specific DNA sequence in DNA samples. Named after its inventor, British biologist Edwin Southern, the Southern blot technique enables researchers to locate a particular sequence of DNA within a complex mixture.
Pronunciation
Southern blot: /ˈsʌðərn blɒt/
Etymology
The Southern blot is named after its inventor, Edwin Southern, a British biologist. The term "blot" comes from the process of transferring DNA, RNA, or protein onto a carrier (such as a nitrocellulose or nylon membrane) to produce a blot, which can then be probed with specific molecules to detect the presence of a particular sequence or protein.
Procedure
The Southern blot procedure involves several steps:
- DNA extraction: The DNA is extracted from the cells.
- Restriction enzyme digestion: The DNA is cut into smaller fragments using restriction enzymes.
- Gel electrophoresis: The DNA fragments are separated by size using gel electrophoresis.
- Transfer to a membrane: The separated DNA is transferred to a membrane.
- Hybridization: The membrane is probed with a specific DNA sequence labeled with a radioactive or fluorescent tag.
- Detection: The location of the probe is detected, indicating the presence and location of the specific DNA sequence in the original DNA sample.
Related Terms
- Northern blot: A similar technique used to detect specific RNA sequences.
- Western blot: A similar technique used to detect specific proteins.
- Eastern blot: A technique used to analyze post-translational modifications of proteins.
- Dot blot: A technique used to detect, analyze, and identify proteins, similar to the Western blot.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Southern blot
- Wikipedia's article - Southern blot
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