Smouldering myeloma

Smouldering myeloma
Synonyms	Asymptomatic myeloma
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	None or mild symptoms, may include fatigue, bone pain, or anemia
Complications	Progression to multiple myeloma, renal failure, bone fractures
Onset	Typically in older adults
Duration	Indefinite, can remain stable for years
Types	N/A
Causes	Unknown, involves abnormal plasma cells
Risks	Age, family history, African American ethnicity
Diagnosis	Blood test, urine test, bone marrow biopsy
Differential diagnosis	Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), multiple myeloma
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Observation, regular monitoring, possible early intervention in clinical trials
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Variable, risk of progression to multiple myeloma
Frequency	Rare, more common than multiple myeloma
Deaths	N/A

Smouldering myeloma (also known as SMM) is a slow-growing type of myeloma that does not cause any symptoms. It is considered a pre-cancerous condition and is often discovered during routine blood tests.

Overview

Smouldering myeloma is characterized by the presence of abnormal plasma cells in the bone marrow and a high level of monoclonal protein (M protein) in the blood. However, unlike active myeloma, it does not cause any damage to the body and does not require immediate treatment.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of smouldering myeloma is based on the following criteria:

• Presence of 10% or more abnormal plasma cells in the bone marrow
• High level of M protein in the blood
• Absence of anemia, high calcium levels, kidney damage, or bone lesions

Treatment

Currently, there is no standard treatment for smouldering myeloma. Instead, patients are closely monitored for signs of progression to active myeloma. This approach is known as "watchful waiting" or "active surveillance".

Prognosis

The prognosis for smouldering myeloma varies greatly. Some patients may never develop active myeloma, while others may progress to active myeloma within a few years.

See also

• Multiple myeloma
• Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
• Plasma cell dyscrasias

References

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