Sulfate transporter

The sulfate transporter is a type of membrane transport protein that facilitates the movement of sulfate ions across cell membranes. These transporters are crucial for maintaining sulfate homeostasis in the body and are involved in various physiological processes.

Function

Sulfate transporters are responsible for the uptake and distribution of sulfate, which is essential for the synthesis of sulfur-containing compounds such as cysteine, methionine, and glutathione. They play a significant role in the sulfation of various molecules, including hormones, neurotransmitters, and drugs.

Types

There are several types of sulfate transporters, each with specific functions and tissue distributions. The most well-known family of sulfate transporters is the SLC26 family, which includes several members such as SLC26A1, SLC26A2, and SLC26A3. These transporters are expressed in various tissues, including the kidney, liver, and intestine.

Clinical significance

Mutations in genes encoding sulfate transporters can lead to various genetic disorders. For example, mutations in the SLC26A2 gene are associated with diastrophic dysplasia, a disorder characterized by skeletal abnormalities. Additionally, impaired sulfate transport can affect the metabolism of drugs and other compounds, leading to altered pharmacokinetics and potential drug interactions.

Research

Ongoing research is focused on understanding the regulation of sulfate transporters and their role in health and disease. Studies are also exploring the potential of targeting these transporters for therapeutic purposes, particularly in conditions where sulfate homeostasis is disrupted.

See also

• Membrane transport protein
• Sulfation
• SLC26 family

External links

• SLC26A1 gene - NCBI
• UniProt entry for SLC26A1