Rheumatoid vasculitis

Rheumatoid vasculitis
Synonyms
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Skin rash, ulcers, peripheral neuropathy, fever, weight loss
Complications	Gangrene, organ damage
Onset	Typically occurs in patients with long-standing rheumatoid arthritis
Duration	Chronic
Types	N/A
Causes	Complication of rheumatoid arthritis
Risks	Severe rheumatoid arthritis, smoking, male gender
Diagnosis	Clinical examination, biopsy, imaging studies
Differential diagnosis	Polyarteritis nodosa, Wegener's granulomatosis, microscopic polyangiitis
Prevention	Control of rheumatoid arthritis
Treatment	Corticosteroids, immunosuppressive drugs
Medication	Prednisone, cyclophosphamide, azathioprine
Prognosis	Variable, depends on severity and response to treatment
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

Rheumatoid vasculitis is a severe complication of rheumatoid arthritis, characterized by inflammation of the blood vessels (vasculitis). It is a rare condition, affecting less than 5% of people with rheumatoid arthritis.

Symptoms

The symptoms of rheumatoid vasculitis vary depending on the size and location of the affected blood vessels. They may include:

• Skin lesions, such as ulcers, purpura, and necrosis
• Nerve damage, leading to numbness, tingling, or weakness
• Eye problems, such as scleritis and episcleritis
• Heart and lung problems, such as myocardial infarction and pulmonary fibrosis
• Gastrointestinal problems, such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease

Causes

The exact cause of rheumatoid vasculitis is unknown, but it is thought to be related to the chronic inflammation associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Factors that may increase the risk of developing rheumatoid vasculitis include:

• Having severe, long-standing rheumatoid arthritis
• Being a smoker
• Having high levels of rheumatoid factor in the blood

Diagnosis

Rheumatoid vasculitis is diagnosed based on the patient's symptoms, medical history, and physical examination. Additional tests may include:

• Blood tests to check for markers of inflammation and rheumatoid factor
• Imaging tests, such as X-ray, CT scan, and MRI, to check for damage to the blood vessels
• Biopsy of the affected tissue to confirm the diagnosis

Treatment

Treatment for rheumatoid vasculitis aims to reduce inflammation and manage symptoms. This may include:

• Medications, such as corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and biologics
• Physical therapy to improve strength and mobility
• Surgery to repair damaged blood vessels

See also

• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Vasculitis
• Autoimmune disease