Respiration (physiology)

Respiration (physiology)

Respiration (/rɛspəˈreɪʃən/; from Latin respiratio) is a metabolic process that takes place in the cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products.

Etymology

The term "respiration" comes from the Latin respiratio, from respirare "to breathe, respire," from re- "again" + spirare "to breathe".

Process

The process of respiration involves the intake of oxygen (O2) and the output of carbon dioxide (CO2). This process is carried out through several steps, including ventilation, gas exchange, and cellular respiration.

Ventilation

Ventilation is the process by which air is moved into and out of the lungs. This process is facilitated by the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles.

Gas Exchange

Gas exchange is the process by which oxygen is taken up by the red blood cells in the lungs and carbon dioxide is released. This process occurs in the alveoli of the lungs.

Cellular Respiration

Cellular respiration is the process by which cells use oxygen to break down glucose and produce ATP. This process occurs in the mitochondria of cells.

Related Terms

• Breathing
• Pulmonary ventilation
• Oxygenation
• Aerobic respiration
• Anaerobic respiration

See Also

• Respiratory system
• Respiratory tract
• Respiratory cycle
• Respiratory rate

External links

• Medical encyclopedia article on Respiration (physiology)
• Wikipedia's article - Respiration (physiology)

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