Renal anomalies
Renal anomalies
Renal anomalies (pronounced: /rɪˈneɪl əˈnɑːməlɪz/) are abnormalities that occur in the kidneys during fetal development. These anomalies can range from minor variations in size or position to severe malformations that affect the function of the kidneys.
Etymology
The term "renal" is derived from the Latin word "renes", meaning kidneys. "Anomaly" comes from the Greek word "anomalía", meaning irregularity or deviation.
Types of Renal Anomalies
There are several types of renal anomalies, including:
- Renal agenesis: This is a condition where one or both kidneys fail to develop during fetal growth.
- Renal dysplasia: This is a condition where the kidneys do not develop normally, often leading to kidney failure.
- Renal hypoplasia: This is a condition where the kidneys are underdeveloped.
- Renal cysts: These are fluid-filled sacs that can form in the kidneys.
- Horseshoe kidney: This is a condition where the two kidneys are fused together at the base or the top, forming a U-shape.
Causes
The exact cause of renal anomalies is often unknown, but they are thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some conditions, such as Polycystic Kidney Disease and Renal Coloboma Syndrome, are known to be inherited.
Diagnosis
Renal anomalies are often diagnosed during pregnancy through routine ultrasound scans. Further tests, such as MRI or CT scan, may be needed to confirm the diagnosis and assess the severity of the condition.
Treatment
Treatment for renal anomalies depends on the type and severity of the condition. Some minor anomalies may not require treatment, while others may require medication, surgery, or even a kidney transplant.
See also
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