Rectal prolapse

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Rectal prolapse
Synonyms	Prolapse of the rectum
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Fecal incontinence, rectal bleeding, anal pain, constipation
Complications	Ulceration, strangulation, gangrene
Onset	More common in elderly and children
Duration	Chronic or acute
Types	N/A
Causes	Chronic constipation, diarrhea, pregnancy, cystic fibrosis
Risks	Age, female gender, previous pelvic surgery
Diagnosis	Physical examination, defecography, colonoscopy
Differential diagnosis	Hemorrhoids, rectocele, intussusception
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Surgical repair, dietary changes, pelvic floor exercises
Medication	Stool softeners, laxatives
Prognosis	Generally good with treatment
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

Rectal prolapse is a condition in which the rectum, the last section of the large intestine, loses its normal attachments within the body, allowing it to protrude or slide out through the anus. This condition can lead to discomfort and an inability to control bowel movements (fecal incontinence).

Rectal prolaps

Causes

• While the exact cause of rectal prolapse is unknown, several factors may contribute to it:
• Weakening of the anal sphincter muscle
• Chronic constipation or straining during bowel movements
• Aging, which can affect the strength of muscles and ligaments in the rectum and anus
• Pregnancy and the stresses of childbirth

Symptoms

The main symptom of rectal prolapse is the sensation of a bulge or the appearance of reddish-colored mass that extends outside the anus. This can occur following a bowel movement. Other symptoms can include pain, discomfort, bleeding, and fecal incontinence.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of rectal prolapse usually involves a medical history and physical exam, including a rectal exam. Additional tests may be performed to evaluate the anorectal function and may include defecography, anorectal manometry, and colonoscopy.

Treatment

Treatment depends on the severity of the condition. Initial approach can include dietary changes, stool softeners, or exercises to help strengthen the pelvic muscles. In more severe cases, or if conservative treatments don't help, surgery may be necessary to repair the prolapse.

See Also

• Constipation
• Fecal incontinence
• Pelvic Floor Dysfunction

References

• "Rectal Prolapse". Mayo Clinic.
• "Rectal Prolapse". Johns Hopkins Medicine.
• "Rectal Prolapse". Cleveland Clinic.

External Links

Rectal Prolapse - MedlinePlus Rectal Prolapse - American Society of Colon & Rectal Surgeons

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