Rapunzel syndrome

Rapunzel syndrome
Synonyms	Trichobezoar with intestinal extension
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, intestinal obstruction
Complications	Perforation, peritonitis, anemia
Onset	Typically in adolescence
Duration	Chronic, if untreated
Types	N/A
Causes	Trichotillomania, trichophagia
Risks	Psychiatric disorders, stress, anxiety
Diagnosis	Endoscopy, abdominal X-ray, CT scan
Differential diagnosis	Intestinal obstruction, gastroparesis, pica
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Surgical removal, psychiatric therapy
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Good with treatment, but risk of recurrence
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

Rapunzel syndrome is a rare gastrointestinal condition characterized by the ingestion of hair (trichophagia) leading to the formation of a hairball (trichobezoar) in the stomach, with its tail extending into the intestines. This condition is associated with trichotillomania, a psychological disorder in which a person pulls out their own hair.

Symptoms

The symptoms of Rapunzel syndrome can vary widely, but often include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and anemia. In severe cases, it can lead to complications such as gastrointestinal obstruction, perforation, pancreatitis, and even death.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Rapunzel syndrome is often challenging due to its rarity and non-specific symptoms. It is usually confirmed through endoscopy, ultrasound, or computed tomography (CT) scan.

Treatment

The primary treatment for Rapunzel syndrome is the surgical removal of the hairball. In some cases, endoscopic removal may be possible. Psychotherapy and medications may also be necessary to treat the underlying trichotillomania.

Epidemiology

Rapunzel syndrome is extremely rare, with fewer than 100 cases reported in the medical literature. It is most commonly seen in young females with psychiatric disorders.

See also

• Trichotillomania
• Trichophagia
• Trichobezoar
• Gastrointestinal obstruction

References

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