Protein misfolding
Protein Misfolding
Protein misfolding (pronunciation: proh-teen mis-fol-ding) is a biological phenomenon that occurs when proteins do not fold into their correct, functional structures.
Etymology
The term "protein misfolding" is derived from the words "protein", a type of molecule in a cell, and "misfolding", which refers to the incorrect formation of the protein's structure.
Definition
Proteins are complex molecules that are essential for the structure and function of cells. They are made up of chains of amino acids and fold into specific three-dimensional structures. This folding process is crucial for the protein's function. However, sometimes proteins do not fold correctly, leading to a phenomenon known as protein misfolding.
Causes
Protein misfolding can be caused by several factors, including genetic mutations, environmental conditions, and cellular stress. Misfolded proteins can lose their function and can even become toxic to cells.
Consequences
Misfolded proteins can aggregate and form protein aggregates or amyloid plaques, which are associated with several diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease.
Treatment
Currently, there is no cure for diseases caused by protein misfolding. However, research is ongoing to develop drugs that can correct protein misfolding or prevent the formation of toxic aggregates.
Related Terms
- Protein folding: The process by which a protein structure assumes its functional shape or conformation.
- Chaperone proteins: Proteins that assist in the folding of other proteins.
- Proteostasis: The cellular control process that regulates the synthesis, folding, trafficking, and degradation of proteins.
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