Protein metabolism
Protein Metabolism
Protein metabolism (/proʊˈtiːn mɪˈtæbəlɪzəm/) is the process by which the body uses and manages proteins. This includes the breakdown, synthesis, and various transformations of proteins in the body.
Etymology
The term "protein" comes from the Greek word "proteios", meaning "primary" or "in the lead". "Metabolism" is derived from the Greek "metabole", meaning "change".
Breakdown of Proteins
The breakdown of proteins, also known as Protein Catabolism, begins in the stomach where gastric juices break down the protein into smaller peptides. These peptides are then further broken down in the small intestine by various enzymes into amino acids, which are absorbed into the bloodstream.
Synthesis of Proteins
Protein Synthesis is the process by which cells build proteins. This process involves two main stages: transcription and translation. During transcription, the DNA sequence of a gene is transcribed into RNA. During translation, this RNA sequence is used to build a protein.
Transformations of Proteins
Proteins can undergo various transformations in the body. These include Protein Folding, where a protein molecule assumes its functional shape or conformation, and Protein Modification, where proteins are chemically modified by the addition or removal of certain groups.
Related Terms
- Amino Acids - The building blocks of proteins.
- Enzymes - Proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the body.
- DNA - The molecule that carries genetic information in cells.
- RNA - A molecule similar to DNA that plays a crucial role in protein synthesis.
- Peptides - Short chains of amino acids that are the building blocks of proteins.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Protein metabolism
- Wikipedia's article - Protein metabolism
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