Prokaryotic cell

A Prokaryotic cell (/proʊˈkæri.oʊtɪk/; from the Greek: pro- "before" + karyon "nut or kernel") is a type of cell that does not have a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles. This type of cell is characteristic of two of the three domains of life, namely Bacteria and Archaea.

Structure

Prokaryotic cells are generally smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells. They have a single, circular chromosome located in a part of the cell called the nucleoid. Unlike eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells do not have a nuclear envelope.

Reproduction

Prokaryotic cells reproduce asexually through a process called binary fission. This process involves the replication of the single chromosome and the division of the cell into two identical daughter cells.

Metabolism

Prokaryotic cells have a diverse range of metabolic capabilities, including photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, and fermentation. They can inhabit a wide range of environments, from extreme heat to extreme cold, due to their metabolic diversity.

Genetic Material

The genetic material in prokaryotic cells is not enclosed within a nuclear membrane, but is located in the nucleoid. The genetic material is a single, circular DNA molecule.

Cell Wall

Most prokaryotic cells have a rigid cell wall that provides structural support and protection. The cell wall is made of peptidoglycan in bacteria and pseudopeptidoglycan in archaea.

Related Terms

External links

Medical encyclopedia article on Prokaryotic cell
Wikipedia's article - Prokaryotic cell

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Prokaryotic cell