Eukaryotic cells

Eukaryotic Cells

Eukaryotic cells (/juːˈkæriət, -ˈkɛər-/ yoo-KARR-ee-ət, -⁠air-) are cells that contain a nucleus and other organelles enclosed within membranes. The term "eukaryote" is derived from the Greek words "eu" meaning "true" and "karyon" meaning "kernel" or "nut", referring to the nucleus.

Structure

Eukaryotic cells are larger and more complex than Prokaryotic cells. They contain a variety of organelles, including the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and peroxisomes. Each of these organelles performs a specific function necessary for the cell to survive and thrive.

Function

Eukaryotic cells are responsible for a wide range of functions, depending on the type of cell and the organism in which they are found. They are capable of more advanced functions than prokaryotic cells due to their higher level of organizational complexity.

Types

There are two primary types of eukaryotic cells: animal cells and plant cells. Animal cells do not have a cell wall or chloroplasts but they do have centrioles. Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts and other specialized plastids, but do not have centrioles.

Reproduction

Eukaryotic cells reproduce through a process called mitosis, in which the cell's nucleus divides, followed by the division of the cell itself. Some eukaryotic cells also reproduce sexually through a process called meiosis.

Evolution

The evolution of eukaryotic cells is thought to have occurred around 1.6–2.1 billion years ago. The most accepted theory is the endosymbiotic theory, which suggests that eukaryotic cells evolved from a symbiotic community of prokaryotic cells.

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Eukaryotic cells