Primary lateral sclerosis

Primary lateral sclerosis
Synonyms	PLS
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Muscle weakness, spasticity, clumsiness
Complications	N/A
Onset	Typically between ages 40 and 60
Duration	Progressive
Types
Causes	Unknown
Risks
Diagnosis	Clinical diagnosis, Electromyography, MRI
Differential diagnosis	Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Multiple sclerosis, Hereditary spastic paraplegia
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Physical therapy, medications for symptom management
Medication	Baclofen, Tizanidine
Prognosis	Variable, generally slower progression than ALS
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

Primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) is a type of motor neuron disease that causes muscle weakness and stiffness. It is a rare disorder that affects the nervous system, specifically the motor neurons that control voluntary muscle movement.

Symptoms

The symptoms of PLS typically begin in the legs, but can also start in the tongue or the hands. They include:

• Muscle stiffness (spasticity)
• Muscle weakness
• Difficulty with balance and coordination
• Speech problems
• Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)

Causes

The exact cause of PLS is unknown. It is thought to be related to a breakdown in the nerve cells in the brain that control muscle movement.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of PLS can be challenging, as its symptoms are similar to those of other motor neuron diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, PLS progresses more slowly than ALS and does not affect life expectancy. Diagnosis is typically based on a thorough clinical examination and may be supported by electromyography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tests.

Treatment

There is currently no cure for PLS. Treatment is focused on managing symptoms and improving quality of life. This may include physical therapy, occupational therapy, and medications to manage muscle stiffness and other symptoms.

See also

• Motor neuron disease
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
• Spasticity