Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia

Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
Synonyms	Albright's disease, McCune-Albright syndrome (when associated with endocrine abnormalities)
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Bone pain, deformities, fractures, café-au-lait spots, endocrine abnormalities
Complications	Fractures, bone deformities, precocious puberty
Onset	Childhood
Duration	Lifelong
Types	N/A
Causes	Genetic mutation in the GNAS gene
Risks	None known
Diagnosis	X-ray, CT scan, MRI, bone biopsy
Differential diagnosis	Osteosarcoma, osteogenesis imperfecta, Paget's disease of bone
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Bisphosphonates, surgery, pain management
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Variable, depends on severity and complications
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia is a rare bone disease that is characterized by the replacement of medullary bone with fibrous tissue, leading to the formation of lesions in one or more bones. The severity of the disease can vary greatly from patient to patient, with some experiencing only mild symptoms and others suffering from severe disability.

Symptoms

The symptoms of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia can vary greatly depending on the number and location of the bones affected. Common symptoms include bone pain, bone deformities, fractures, and endocrine abnormalities such as precocious puberty in girls. Other potential symptoms include skin pigmentation and vision and hearing problems.

Causes

Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia is caused by a mutation in the GNAS1 gene. This gene provides instructions for producing a protein that helps regulate the activity of many other proteins in the body. The mutation leads to the overactivity of these proteins in certain cells, which can lead to the formation of fibrous dysplasia lesions.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia is typically made based on a combination of clinical findings, radiographic studies, and sometimes, a bone biopsy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scans can be used to identify lesions in the bones.

Treatment

There is currently no cure for polyostotic fibrous dysplasia. Treatment is aimed at managing symptoms and preventing complications. This may include pain management, physical therapy, and surgery to correct bone deformities or fractures. In some cases, medication may be used to slow the progression of the disease.

See also

• Monostotic fibrous dysplasia
• McCune-Albright syndrome
• Bone disease
• GNAS1