Polio eradication
Polio Eradication is a global public health initiative aimed at the complete elimination of poliomyelitis (polio) worldwide. The initiative is led by the World Health Organization (WHO), UNICEF, and the Rotary International.
History
The concept of Polio Eradication was first proposed by Albert Sabin, the developer of the oral polio vaccine, in 1982. The World Health Assembly formally launched the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) in 1988 when the disease was endemic in more than 125 countries, paralyzing 350,000 children annually.
Strategy
The strategy for polio eradication is based on preventing infection by immunizing every child until transmission stops and the world is polio-free. The main tools for this are the two types of polio vaccine: inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) and oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV).
Progress
Since the launch of the GPEI, the incidence of polio has been reduced by 99%. As of 2020, polio remains endemic in only two countries: Afghanistan and Pakistan.
Challenges
Despite significant progress, challenges remain in the eradication of polio. These include logistical difficulties in reaching children with the vaccine, conflict and insecurity, and pockets of resistance to vaccination.
Future
The goal of the GPEI is to ensure a polio-free world for future generations. Once polio is eradicated, it will be the second disease after smallpox to be eradicated through human effort.
See also
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
