Pleocytosis

Pleocytosis is a medical condition characterized by an increased number of cells, typically white blood cells, in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). It is often a sign of disease or infection in the central nervous system (CNS). The term is derived from the Greek words "pleio", meaning more, and "cytosis", meaning condition of cells.

Causes

Pleocytosis can be caused by a variety of conditions, including infections, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Infections that can cause pleocytosis include meningitis, encephalitis, and neurosyphilis. Autoimmune diseases that can cause pleocytosis include multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica. Cancers that can cause pleocytosis include leukemia and lymphoma.

Symptoms

The symptoms of pleocytosis depend on the underlying cause. In cases of infection, symptoms may include fever, headache, and neck stiffness. In cases of autoimmune disease, symptoms may include fatigue, weakness, and numbness. In cases of cancer, symptoms may include weight loss, night sweats, and swollen lymph nodes.

Diagnosis

Pleocytosis is diagnosed through a lumbar puncture, also known as a spinal tap. This procedure involves inserting a needle into the lower back to collect a sample of cerebrospinal fluid. The fluid is then examined under a microscope to count the number of cells.

Treatment

The treatment for pleocytosis depends on the underlying cause. Infections may be treated with antibiotics or antiviral drugs. Autoimmune diseases may be treated with corticosteroids or immunosuppressive drugs. Cancers may be treated with chemotherapy or radiation therapy.

See also

• Cerebrospinal fluid
• Lumbar puncture
• Meningitis
• Multiple sclerosis