Photoreceptor
Photoreceptor
Photoreceptor (pronunciation: /ˌfoʊtoʊrɪˈsɛptər/) is a specialized type of neuron found in the retina of the eye that is capable of photo transduction, the conversion of light into electrical signals.
Etymology
The term "photoreceptor" is derived from the Greek words "phos" (light) and "receptor" (receiver), indicating its function as a light receiver.
Types of Photoreceptors
There are two main types of photoreceptors: rods and cones. Rods are responsible for vision at low light levels (scotopic vision), while cones are responsible for vision at higher light levels (photopic vision) and color vision.
Structure
Photoreceptors are composed of a cell body, an outer segment containing photopigments, and an inner segment that connects to the rest of the neuron. The outer segment is where light is absorbed and converted into electrical signals.
Function
Photoreceptors function by absorbing light and converting it into electrical signals. These signals are then transmitted to the brain via the optic nerve, where they are interpreted as visual images.
Related Terms
- Rhodopsin: A photopigment found in rods that is responsible for the detection of light.
- Photopsin: A photopigment found in cones that is responsible for color vision.
- Retinal: A form of vitamin A that is crucial for the function of photoreceptors.
- Phototransduction: The process by which light is converted into electrical signals in the retina.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Photoreceptor
- Wikipedia's article - Photoreceptor
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