Peginterferon alfa-2a
Peginterferon alfa-2a is a pegylated form of interferon alfa-2a, a type of interferon used as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It is primarily used in the treatment of hepatitis C and hepatitis B infections. Peginterferon alfa-2a is marketed under the brand name Pegasys.
Mechanism of Action
Peginterferon alfa-2a works by binding to specific receptors on the surface of cells, initiating a complex cascade of intracellular events. This leads to the activation of multiple genes that inhibit viral replication and modulate the immune response. The pegylation process, which involves attaching a polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecule to the interferon, increases the half-life of the drug, allowing for less frequent dosing compared to non-pegylated interferons.
Indications
Peginterferon alfa-2a is indicated for the treatment of:
- Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) in patients with compensated liver disease.
- Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in patients with compensated liver disease and evidence of viral replication and liver inflammation.
Administration and Dosage
Peginterferon alfa-2a is administered via subcutaneous injection. The dosage and duration of treatment vary depending on the condition being treated and the patient's response to therapy. For chronic hepatitis C, it is often used in combination with ribavirin.
Side Effects
Common side effects of peginterferon alfa-2a include:
- Flu-like symptoms (fever, chills, muscle aches)
- Fatigue
- Depression
- Insomnia
- Anorexia
- Nausea
- Injection site reactions
Serious side effects can include:
Contraindications
Peginterferon alfa-2a is contraindicated in patients with:
- Hypersensitivity to interferon alfa or any component of the formulation
- Autoimmune hepatitis
- Decompensated liver disease
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