Patellar subluxation syndrome

Patellar subluxation syndrome
Synonyms	Kneecap instability, Patellar instability
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Knee pain, Knee swelling, feeling of knee "giving way"
Complications	Patellar dislocation, Osteoarthritis
Onset	Often during adolescence
Duration	Can be chronic
Types	N/A
Causes	Trauma, Congenital malalignment, Muscle imbalance
Risks	Sports, Genetic predisposition, Previous injury
Diagnosis	Physical examination, X-ray, MRI
Differential diagnosis	Patellar dislocation, Meniscus tear, Ligament injury
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Physical therapy, Bracing, Surgery
Medication	NSAIDs, Pain relievers
Prognosis	Varies, can be managed with treatment
Frequency	Common in adolescents and young adults
Deaths	N/A

Patellar Subluxation Syndrome is a medical condition characterized by the partial dislocation of the patella (kneecap) from its normal anatomical position in the femoral groove. This condition is often caused by an imbalance in the forces controlling the patellar tracking during knee flexion and extension, particularly with overloading of the knee joint.

Causes

The causes of Patellar Subluxation Syndrome can be multifactorial, often involving a combination of the following factors:

• Anatomical abnormalities: These can include a shallow femoral groove, a high-riding patella (patella alta), or an outwardly tilted patella.
• Muscular imbalances: Weakness in the inner portion of the quadriceps muscle (VMO) and tightness in the outer portion (lateral retinaculum) can pull the patella out of its groove.
• Trauma: A direct blow to the knee or twisting injury can lead to patellar subluxation.

Symptoms

Patients with Patellar Subluxation Syndrome may experience the following symptoms:

• Pain: This is usually located around or under the patella.
• Instability: Patients may describe a feeling of the knee 'giving way'.
• Swelling: This can occur following a subluxation event.
• Limited range of motion: Patients may have difficulty fully bending or straightening the knee.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Patellar Subluxation Syndrome is typically made through a combination of patient history, physical examination, and imaging studies such as X-ray or MRI.

Treatment

Treatment options for Patellar Subluxation Syndrome can include:

• Physical therapy: This is often the first line of treatment and can include exercises to strengthen the quadriceps muscle and improve patellar tracking.
• Medication: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can be used to reduce pain and inflammation.
• Surgery: In severe cases or when conservative treatments fail, surgery may be considered to realign the patella.

See Also

• Patellar dislocation
• Knee pain
• Physical therapy