Paromomycin works by binding to the 16S rRNA of the 30S ribosomal subunit in bacteria, which interferes with the protein synthesis process. This binding causes the ribosome to misread the mRNA, leading to the production of faulty proteins and ultimately resulting in the death of the bacterial cell. In protozoa, the exact mechanism is not fully understood, but it is believed to disrupt protein synthesis in a similar manner.
Paromomycin is typically administered orally in the form of capsules or tablets. The dosage and duration of treatment depend on the type and severity of the infection being treated. For certain infections, such as visceral leishmaniasis, paromomycin may be administered intramuscularly.
Paromomycin should be used with caution in patients with pre-existing renal impairment or hearing disorders. It is important to monitor kidney function and hearing during treatment, especially in patients receiving high doses or prolonged therapy.
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