PRES

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), also known as reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS), is a rare condition in which parts of the brain are affected by swelling, usually as a result of an underlying cause. The condition is often reversible with appropriate treatment.

Symptoms

The symptoms of PRES can vary, but often include headache, seizure, altered mental status, and visual disturbances such as cortical blindness and visual hallucinations. In some cases, other neurological symptoms may also be present.

Causes

PRES is often associated with a number of conditions, including hypertension, renal disease, autoimmune disease, and the use of certain medications. It can also occur as a result of pregnancy, particularly in the context of preeclampsia or eclampsia.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of PRES typically involves magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, which can reveal characteristic patterns of swelling in the posterior regions of the brain. Other diagnostic tests may also be used, depending on the individual's symptoms and medical history.

Treatment

Treatment for PRES typically involves addressing the underlying cause of the condition. This may involve medication to control blood pressure, treatment for renal disease, or discontinuation of a causative medication. In some cases, hospitalization may be required.

Prognosis

With appropriate treatment, the prognosis for PRES is generally good. Most individuals experience a complete recovery, although in some cases, residual neurological symptoms may persist.

See also

• Hypertension
• Renal disease
• Autoimmune disease
• Preeclampsia
• Eclampsia