Oromandibular dystonia
Oromandibular Dystonia
Oromandibular dystonia (pronounced: o-ro-man-di-bu-lar dis-to-nia) is a type of dystonia that specifically affects the muscles of the mouth, jaw, and tongue. The term is derived from the Greek words oro meaning mouth, mandibular referring to the jaw, and dystonia which is a medical term for a state of abnormal muscle tone.
Definition
Oromandibular dystonia is a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary, forceful contractions of the face, jaw, and/or tongue muscles. These contractions can cause a variety of symptoms, including difficulty speaking (dysarthria), difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), and involuntary grimacing.
Symptoms
The symptoms of oromandibular dystonia can vary greatly from person to person. Some people may experience only mild symptoms, while others may have severe symptoms that significantly impact their quality of life. Common symptoms include:
- Involuntary jaw opening or closing
- Difficulty speaking or slurred speech
- Difficulty swallowing
- Involuntary grimacing or facial spasms
- Pain in the jaw or face
Causes
The exact cause of oromandibular dystonia is unknown. However, it is thought to be related to a problem with the basal ganglia, a part of the brain that is involved in controlling movement. Some cases of oromandibular dystonia may be genetic, while others may be triggered by certain medications or medical conditions.
Treatment
Treatment for oromandibular dystonia typically involves a combination of medication, physical therapy, and sometimes surgery. Medications used to treat oromandibular dystonia include muscle relaxants, botulinum toxin injections, and medications that affect the neurotransmitter dopamine. Physical therapy can help to improve muscle control and reduce symptoms. In severe cases, surgery may be considered.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Oromandibular dystonia
- Wikipedia's article - Oromandibular dystonia
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