Retroperitoneal fibrosis

Retroperitoneal fibrosis
Synonyms	Ormond's disease
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Abdominal pain, back pain, weight loss, nausea, vomiting, hypertension, renal failure
Complications	Kidney failure, ureteral obstruction
Onset	Typically between ages 40 and 60
Duration	Chronic
Types	N/A
Causes	Often idiopathic, can be secondary to medications, infections, malignancies, or autoimmune diseases
Risks	Smoking, male gender, genetic predisposition
Diagnosis	CT scan, MRI, biopsy
Differential diagnosis	Lymphoma, sarcoma, aortic aneurysm
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Corticosteroids, immunosuppressive drugs, surgery
Medication	Prednisone, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil
Prognosis	Variable, depends on response to treatment
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

Retroperitoneal fibrosis or Ormond's disease is a rare disorder characterized by the presence of inflammatory and fibrous tissue behind the peritoneum, the membrane that lines the abdominal cavity. This fibrous tissue often surrounds the aorta and the ureters, potentially causing abdominal pain and kidney damage.

Causes

The exact cause of retroperitoneal fibrosis is unknown. However, it is believed to be associated with certain autoimmune diseases, infections, and exposure to certain drugs or toxins. In some cases, it may be idiopathic, meaning it occurs without any identifiable cause.

Symptoms

The symptoms of retroperitoneal fibrosis can vary greatly depending on the individual and the severity of the condition. Common symptoms include:

• Abdominal pain
• Back pain
• Unintentional weight loss
• Fatigue
• Fever
• Nausea and vomiting
• Urinary symptoms such as increased frequency or urgency

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of retroperitoneal fibrosis is often challenging due to its nonspecific symptoms. It typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and imaging studies such as CT or MRI. In some cases, a biopsy may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment for retroperitoneal fibrosis typically involves medications to reduce inflammation and slow the progression of the disease. This may include corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive drugs. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the fibrous tissue or to bypass blocked ureters.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with retroperitoneal fibrosis can vary greatly depending on the severity of the disease and the individual's overall health. With appropriate treatment, many individuals can lead a normal life. However, ongoing monitoring is typically necessary to manage the condition and prevent complications.

See also

• Peritoneum
• Aorta
• Ureter
• Autoimmune disease
• Computed tomography
• Magnetic resonance imaging