Nucleoporin

Nucleoporin is a type of protein that is a component of the nuclear pore complex. The nuclear pore complex is a large structure that spans the nuclear envelope, which is the membrane that encloses the nucleus in eukaryotic cells. Nucleoporins are essential for the transport of molecules across the nuclear envelope.

Structure

Nucleoporins have a complex structure that includes both a central channel and peripheral components. The central channel is formed by a subset of nucleoporins that contain phenylalanine-glycine (FG) repeats. These FG-repeat nucleoporins create a selective barrier that allows the passage of specific molecules. The peripheral components of the nucleoporin complex include structural nucleoporins, which provide a scaffold for the complex, and transmembrane nucleoporins, which anchor the complex to the nuclear envelope.

Function

The primary function of nucleoporins is to regulate the transport of molecules across the nuclear envelope. This includes the transport of RNA and proteins out of the nucleus, and the transport of proteins into the nucleus. Nucleoporins also play a role in other cellular processes, such as cell division and the organization of the chromatin.

Clinical significance

Mutations in nucleoporin genes have been associated with several diseases, including cancer, autoimmune diseases, and developmental disorders. For example, mutations in the gene for the nucleoporin NUP155 have been linked to arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, a type of heart disease.

See also

• Nuclear pore
• Nuclear transport
• Cell nucleus

References

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  Structure of NUP133 protein from PDB entry 1xks

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  Magnetoencephalography (MEG) setup at NIMH