Nitrobenzene
Nitrobenzene
Nitrobenzene (pronounced: /ˌnaɪtroʊˈbɛnziːn/) is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5NO2. It is a water-insoluble pale yellow oil with an almond-like odor. It freezes to give greenish-yellow crystals. It is produced on a large scale from benzene as a precursor to aniline. In the laboratory, it is occasionally used as a solvent, especially for electrophilic reagents.
Etymology
The term "Nitrobenzene" is derived from two words: "Nitro" and "Benzene". "Nitro" refers to the nitro group (NO2), which is a functional group in organic chemistry consisting of one nitrogen atom and two oxygen atoms. "Benzene" is a colorless and highly flammable liquid with a sweet smell, and is an important component in many aspects of chemistry.
Synthesis
Nitrobenzene is produced by nitration of benzene with a mixture of concentrated sulfuric acid, water, and nitric acid. This mixture is sometimes called "mixed acid." The production of nitrobenzene is one of the most dangerous processes conducted in the chemical industry due to the exothermicity of the reaction (ΔH = -117 kJ/mol).
Uses
Nitrobenzene is used to manufacture aniline. Aniline can be used to manufacture a wide variety of synthetic resins, dyes, explosives, pharmaceuticals, and rubber chemicals. Nitrobenzene is also used in the production of lubricating oils such as those found in motors and machinery.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Nitrobenzene
- Wikipedia's article - Nitrobenzene
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