Nitrobenzene

Nitrobenzene is an organic compound with the chemical formula C₆H₅NO₂. It is a water-insoluble pale yellow oil with an almond-like odor. It freezes to give greenish-yellow crystals. It is produced on a large scale from benzene as a precursor to aniline. In the laboratory, it is occasionally used as a solvent, especially for electrophilic reagents.

Production

Nitrobenzene is produced by nitration of benzene with a mixture of concentrated sulfuric acid, water, and nitric acid. This mixture is sometimes called "mixed acid." The production steps are similar to those used in the production of nitric acid.

Uses

The main use of nitrobenzene is in the production of aniline. Nitrobenzene is also used to manufacture lubricating oils such as those found in automobiles and machinery. It is also used in the production of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and polymers.

Safety

Nitrobenzene is toxic and can be absorbed through the skin. Prolonged exposure can lead to a condition called methemoglobinemia, where the blood's ability to carry oxygen is reduced.

See also

• Benzene
• Aniline
• Nitration
• Methemoglobinemia

Gallery

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  Benzene structure
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  Nitrobenzene structure
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  Synthesis of 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane