Neonatal hepatitis

Neonatal Hepatitis

Neonatal hepatitis (/niːəˈneɪtəl hɛpəˈtaɪtɪs/), is a rare and serious liver disease that affects newborns, typically within the first two months of life. The term "neonatal" is derived from the Latin words "neo," meaning new, and "natal," meaning birth. "Hepatitis" is derived from the Greek words "hepar," meaning liver, and "-itis," meaning inflammation.

Causes

Neonatal hepatitis can be caused by a variety of factors, including viral infections such as rubella, cytomegalovirus, or hepatitis B, and metabolic disorders such as galactosemia or hereditary fructose intolerance. In some cases, the cause of neonatal hepatitis is unknown, a condition referred to as idiopathic neonatal hepatitis.

Symptoms

Symptoms of neonatal hepatitis may include jaundice, hepatomegaly (enlarged liver), splenomegaly (enlarged spleen), and poor weight gain. In severe cases, neonatal hepatitis can lead to cirrhosis of the liver and liver failure.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of neonatal hepatitis typically involves a combination of blood tests, liver function tests, and liver biopsy. Imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI may also be used to assess the condition of the liver.

Treatment

Treatment for neonatal hepatitis depends on the underlying cause. In cases caused by viral infections, antiviral medications may be used. For metabolic disorders, dietary modifications and enzyme replacement therapy may be necessary. In severe cases, a liver transplant may be required.

Prognosis

The prognosis for neonatal hepatitis varies depending on the underlying cause and the severity of the disease. With early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, many infants with neonatal hepatitis can recover fully and lead normal lives.

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Neonatal hepatitis