Neonatal hepatitis

Neonatal hepatitis
Synonyms
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Jaundice, hepatomegaly, failure to thrive
Complications	Cirrhosis, liver failure
Onset	Neonatal period
Duration	Varies
Types	N/A
Causes	Idiopathic, viral infections, genetic disorders
Risks
Diagnosis	Liver biopsy, blood tests, imaging studies
Differential diagnosis	Biliary atresia, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, galactosemia
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Supportive care, nutritional support, antiviral therapy
Medication
Prognosis	Varies, depends on underlying cause
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

Neonatal hepatitis is a medical condition that affects newborn infants, typically within the first two months of life. It is characterized by jaundice, poor weight gain, and an enlarged liver and spleen. The condition is often confused with biliary atresia, a more serious liver disorder, but unlike biliary atresia, neonatal hepatitis is usually temporary and resolves on its own without permanent liver damage.

Causes

Neonatal hepatitis can be caused by a variety of factors. In some cases, it may be caused by a viral infection passed from the mother to the baby during pregnancy. Some of the viruses that can cause neonatal hepatitis include cytomegalovirus, rubella, and hepatitis B and hepatitis C. In other cases, neonatal hepatitis may be caused by a genetic disorder or a metabolic disease. In many cases, however, the cause of neonatal hepatitis is unknown.

Symptoms

The most common symptom of neonatal hepatitis is jaundice, a yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes. Other symptoms may include poor weight gain, an enlarged liver and spleen, and dark urine. In some cases, the baby may also have a low platelet count, which can lead to easy bruising and bleeding.

Diagnosis

Neonatal hepatitis is typically diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests. The doctor may also order an ultrasound of the liver and a liver biopsy to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment for neonatal hepatitis depends on the underlying cause of the condition. If the hepatitis is caused by a viral infection, the baby may be given antiviral medication. If the hepatitis is caused by a genetic or metabolic disorder, the baby may need to be treated with dietary supplements or other medications. In most cases, however, neonatal hepatitis resolves on its own without treatment.

Prognosis

The prognosis for neonatal hepatitis is generally good. Most infants with the condition recover completely without permanent liver damage. However, in some cases, neonatal hepatitis can lead to cirrhosis or other serious liver problems.

See also

• Hepatitis
• Jaundice
• Liver disease
• Neonatology