N-Propylbenzene

N-Propylbenzene is an organic compound with the chemical formula C₉H₁₂. It is a colorless liquid that is insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. N-Propylbenzene is a member of the alkylbenzene family, which consists of a benzene ring attached to an alkyl group.

Structure and Properties

Structural formula of N-Propylbenzene

N-Propylbenzene consists of a benzene ring bonded to a propyl group. The propyl group is a three-carbon alkyl chain, making N-Propylbenzene a simple example of an alkylbenzene. The presence of the propyl group affects the physical and chemical properties of the compound, such as its boiling point and solubility.

Physical Properties

N-Propylbenzene is a clear, colorless liquid at room temperature. It has a boiling point of approximately 159 °C and a melting point of -99 °C. The density of N-Propylbenzene is about 0.861 g/cm³. It is less dense than water and does not mix with it, but it is miscible with many organic solvents.

Chemical Properties

As an aromatic hydrocarbon, N-Propylbenzene undergoes typical reactions of the benzene ring, such as electrophilic aromatic substitution. The propyl group can also participate in reactions typical of alkanes, such as oxidation and halogenation.

Production

N-Propylbenzene can be synthesized through several methods. One common method is the Friedel-Crafts alkylation of benzene using propyl chloride in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst such as aluminum chloride. This reaction attaches the propyl group to the benzene ring.

Uses

N-Propylbenzene is used primarily as a solvent and as an intermediate in the synthesis of other chemicals. It is also used in the production of phenol and acetone through the cumene process, where it serves as a precursor to cumene hydroperoxide.

Safety

N-Propylbenzene is considered to be a flammable liquid and should be handled with care. It can cause irritation to the skin and eyes upon contact. Proper safety measures, such as the use of gloves and goggles, should be taken when handling this chemical.

Related Pages

• Benzene
• Alkylbenzene
• Friedel-Crafts reaction
• Phenol
• Cumene process