Modified Ashworth scale

Modified Ashworth Scale is a medical tool used to measure spasticity, a condition characterized by muscle stiffness and involuntary muscle contractions. It was first developed by Bryan Ashworth in the 1960s and later modified by Bohannon and Smith in 1987.

History

The original Ashworth Scale was developed by Bryan Ashworth in the 1960s as a simple way to measure spasticity in patients with conditions like stroke, multiple sclerosis, and cerebral palsy. In 1987, Richard Bohannon and M. B. Smith modified the scale to include a half-point increment, allowing for a more precise measurement of spasticity.

Scale

The Modified Ashworth Scale ranges from 0 to 4, with 0 indicating no increase in muscle tone and 4 indicating rigidity in flexion or extension. The scale is as follows:

• 0 - No increase in muscle tone
• 1 - Slight increase in muscle tone, manifested by a catch and release or by minimal resistance at the end of the range of motion when the affected part(s) is moved in flexion or extension
• 1+ - Slight increase in muscle tone, manifested by a catch, followed by minimal resistance throughout the remainder (less than half) of the ROM
• 2 - More marked increase in muscle tone through most of the ROM, but affected part(s) easily moved
• 3 - Considerable increase in muscle tone, passive movement difficult
• 4 - Affected part(s) rigid in flexion or extension

Use

The Modified Ashworth Scale is used by physiotherapists and other healthcare professionals to assess and monitor the severity of spasticity in patients with neurological conditions. It is a quick and easy tool to use, requiring no special equipment.

Criticism

Despite its widespread use, the Modified Ashworth Scale has been criticized for its lack of sensitivity and reliability. Some studies have suggested that it may not accurately reflect changes in spasticity over time or in response to treatment.

See also

• Ashworth Scale
• Spasticity
• Neurological disorders

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