Mitral facies

Mitral facies
Synonyms	Mitral face
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Ruddy complexion, malar flush
Complications	Mitral stenosis, pulmonary hypertension
Onset	Typically in adulthood
Duration	Chronic
Types	N/A
Causes	Mitral valve disease, particularly mitral stenosis
Risks	Rheumatic fever, congenital heart defects
Diagnosis	Physical examination, echocardiogram
Differential diagnosis	Lupus, rosacea, polycythemia vera
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Address underlying mitral valve disease
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Depends on underlying condition
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

Mitral facies is a medical term referring to the facial appearance of a person suffering from mitral stenosis, a condition characterized by the narrowing of the mitral valve in the heart. This facial appearance is typically characterized by a ruddy or flushed complexion, with a malar flush that is caused by the backflow of blood from the pulmonary circuit.

Symptoms

The symptoms of mitral facies can vary depending on the severity of the underlying mitral stenosis. Common symptoms include:

• Shortness of breath: This is often the first symptom and may occur only with vigorous exercise at first, but as the condition worsens, it may occur with light activity or even at rest.
• Fatigue: This is due to the heart working harder to pump blood through the narrowed valve.
• Heart palpitations: These are sensations of a rapid, fluttering heartbeat.
• Swollen feet or legs: This is due to fluid buildup, a condition known as edema.
• Chest pain or discomfort: This can occur when the heart has to work harder to pump blood.
• Cough: This can be a symptom of fluid buildup in the lungs.

Causes

Mitral facies is caused by mitral stenosis, which is most commonly caused by rheumatic fever. This condition can damage the mitral valve, leading to its narrowing over time. Other causes can include congenital heart defects, or calcification of the mitral valve due to aging.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of mitral facies involves a physical examination by a healthcare provider, who will listen to the heart with a stethoscope to detect any abnormal heart sounds. Further diagnostic tests may include an echocardiogram, electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, or cardiac catheterization.

Treatment

Treatment for mitral facies involves addressing the underlying mitral stenosis. This can involve medications to manage symptoms, or surgical procedures to repair or replace the damaged mitral valve.

See also

• Mitral valve
• Mitral stenosis
• Rheumatic fever