Loiasis
Loiasis (pronounced: loh-AYE-uh-sis) is a tropical disease caused by the parasitic worm Loa loa. The disease is also known as African eye worm due to its notable symptom of crossing the eye.
Etymology
The term "Loiasis" is derived from the species name of the worm Loa loa. The genus name Loa is from the African Loa, meaning worm.
Transmission
Loiasis is transmitted to humans through the bites of the Chrysops species of deer flies, also known as mango flies or mangrove flies. When an infected fly bites a human, it deposits the worm's larvae into the person's skin. The larvae then mature into adult worms inside the human host's subcutaneous tissue.
Symptoms
The most distinctive symptom of loiasis is the migration of the adult worm across the surface of the eye, a condition known as Calabar swellings. Other symptoms include itching, joint pain, fatigue, and in severe cases, encephalitis.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of loiasis is typically made through identification of the worm in tissue or by the presence of microfilariae in the peripheral blood. Blood tests, such as the ELISA test, can also be used to detect antibodies against Loa loa.
Treatment
Treatment for loiasis typically involves the administration of the antiparasitic drugs diethylcarbamazine (DEC) or ivermectin. In some cases, surgical removal of the worm may be necessary.
Prevention
Prevention of loiasis primarily involves avoiding bites from deer flies. This can be achieved through the use of insect repellent, wearing long sleeves and pants, and avoiding areas where deer flies are common.
See also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Loiasis
- Wikipedia's article - Loiasis
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