Local anesthetic

Local anesthetic is a type of medication used to prevent pain in a specific area of the body. They work by blocking nerve signals in the body, which prevents the sensation of pain from being transmitted to the brain. Local anesthetics are commonly used in minor surgical procedures, dental procedures, and for pain relief.

Types of Local Anesthetics

There are two main types of local anesthetics: ester and amide anesthetics. Ester anesthetics, such as procaine and tetracaine, are typically short-acting and are metabolized by enzymes in the blood. Amide anesthetics, such as lidocaine and bupivacaine, are typically longer-acting and are metabolized by the liver.

Mechanism of Action

Local anesthetics work by blocking sodium channels on nerve cells. This prevents the nerve cells from generating an electrical signal, which in turn prevents the sensation of pain from being transmitted to the brain.

Side Effects

While local anesthetics are generally safe, they can cause side effects in some people. These can include numbness, tingling, and a temporary loss of sensation in the area where the anesthetic was applied. In rare cases, local anesthetics can cause more serious side effects, such as allergic reactions or systemic toxicity.

See Also

• General anesthesia
• Regional anesthesia
• Pain management

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  General structure of local anesthetics

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  Syringe used for local anesthesia

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  Chemical structure of Procaine

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  Chemical structure of Lidocaine

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