Sodium channels
Sodium Channels
Sodium channels (pronunciation: /ˈsoʊdiəm ˈtʃænəlz/) are integral membrane proteins that form ion channels, conducting sodium ions (Na+) through a cell's plasma membrane. They are categorized into two types: voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) and ligand-gated sodium channels.
Etymology
The term "sodium" originates from the English word "soda". The term "channel" in this context is derived from the Greek word "kanali", which means "pipe" or "tube".
Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels
Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) are responsible for the initiation and propagation of action potentials in neurons and muscle cells. They are activated by changes in the electrical membrane potential near the channel.
Ligand-Gated Sodium Channels
Ligand-gated sodium channels are activated by the binding of a ligand (molecule that binds to another molecule) to the channel. Examples of ligands that can trigger these channels include neurotransmitters and hormones.
Related Terms
- Ion Channel: A pore-forming protein that helps establish and control the small voltage gradient across the plasma membrane of all living cells by allowing the flow of ions down their electrochemical gradient.
- Action Potential: A short-lasting event in which the electrical membrane potential of a cell rapidly rises and falls.
- Neuron: An electrically excitable cell that communicates with other cells via specialized connections called synapses.
- Membrane Potential: The difference in electric potential between the interior and the exterior of a biological cell.
- Neurotransmitter: Endogenous chemicals that enable neurotransmission.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Sodium channels
- Wikipedia's article - Sodium channels
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