Local anaesthetics
Local Anaesthetics
Local anaesthetics (pronunciation: loh-kal an-es-thet-iks) are a group of medications that cause a temporary loss of sensation in a specific area of the body. They are often used to numb a part of the body before a minor surgical procedure.
Etymology
The term "anaesthetic" is derived from the Greek words "an-", meaning "without", and "aisthesis", meaning "sensation". The prefix "local" refers to the drug's action at a specific location in the body.
Types of Local Anaesthetics
There are two main types of local anaesthetics: amide anaesthetics and ester anaesthetics. Amide anaesthetics, such as lidocaine and bupivacaine, are generally more stable and longer-lasting than ester anaesthetics, such as procaine and tetracaine.
Mechanism of Action
Local anaesthetics work by blocking sodium channels in nerve cells, preventing the transmission of nerve impulses and thus causing a loss of sensation. The specific area of the body that is numbed depends on where the anaesthetic is applied or injected.
Uses
Local anaesthetics are used in a variety of medical procedures, including dental procedures, minor skin surgeries, and some types of endoscopy. They can also be used to relieve pain from conditions such as herpes zoster (shingles) and neuropathy.
Side Effects
While local anaesthetics are generally safe, they can cause side effects in some people. These can include numbness in areas not intended to be numbed, allergic reactions, and, in rare cases, serious effects such as seizures or heart problems.
Related Terms
- General anaesthesia: A type of anaesthesia that affects the entire body, causing a temporary loss of consciousness.
- Regional anaesthesia: A type of anaesthesia that numbs a larger area of the body, such as an entire limb or the lower half of the body.
- Topical anaesthesia: A type of local anaesthesia that is applied to the skin or mucous membranes.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Local anaesthetics
- Wikipedia's article - Local anaesthetics
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