Local anaesthetic

Local anaesthetic (pronunciation: /ˈloʊ.kəl/ /ˌæn.əsˈθɛt.ɪk/) is a type of medication used to numb a specific area of the body to prevent pain during medical procedures. The term originates from the Greek words "an-" meaning "without", and "aisthēsis" meaning "sensation".

Types of Local Anaesthetics

There are two main types of local anaesthetics: Ester anaesthetics and Amide anaesthetics. Ester anaesthetics are typically short-acting and include drugs like Procaine and Cocaine. Amide anaesthetics, on the other hand, are usually longer-acting and include drugs like Lidocaine and Bupivacaine.

Mechanism of Action

Local anaesthetics work by blocking Sodium channels on nerve cells, preventing the propagation of nerve impulses and thus the sensation of pain. They are often combined with a Vasoconstrictor to prolong their effect and reduce systemic absorption.

Uses

Local anaesthetics are used in a variety of medical procedures, including Dental procedures, minor skin surgeries, and diagnostic procedures such as Lumbar puncture. They can also be used for pain relief in conditions like Postherpetic neuralgia and Neuropathic pain.

Side Effects

While generally safe, local anaesthetics can cause side effects such as Allergic reactions, Nerve damage, and in rare cases, systemic toxicity leading to Cardiovascular collapse or Seizures.

External links

Medical encyclopedia article on Local anaesthetic
Wikipedia's article - Local anaesthetic

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Local anaesthetic