Liothyronine

Synthetic form of the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine

Liothyronine
INN
Drug class
Routes of administration
Pregnancy category
Bioavailability
Metabolism
Elimination half-life
Excretion
Legal status
CAS Number
PubChem
DrugBank
ChemSpider
KEGG

Liothyronine is a synthetic form of the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3). It is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism and myxedema coma. Liothyronine is known for its rapid onset of action and is often used when a quick response is desired.

Medical uses

Liothyronine is primarily used to treat hypothyroidism, a condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones. It is also used in the treatment of myxedema coma, a severe form of hypothyroidism that can be life-threatening. Additionally, liothyronine is sometimes used in thyroid function tests to suppress thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) production.

Hypothyroidism

In patients with hypothyroidism, liothyronine helps to restore normal levels of T3, thereby alleviating symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, and depression. It is often used in combination with levothyroxine, another thyroid hormone, to provide a more balanced thyroid hormone replacement therapy.

Myxedema coma

Myxedema coma is a medical emergency characterized by severe hypothyroidism, hypothermia, and altered mental status. Liothyronine is administered intravenously in this condition to rapidly increase T3 levels and improve the patient's metabolic state.

Pharmacology

Liothyronine is a synthetic form of T3, which is one of the two main hormones produced by the thyroid gland, the other being thyroxine (T4). T3 is the more active form of thyroid hormone and is responsible for regulating metabolism, heart rate, and body temperature.

Mechanism of action

Liothyronine works by mimicking the effects of natural T3. It binds to thyroid hormone receptors in the body, influencing the expression of genes involved in metabolism and energy production. This leads to an increase in basal metabolic rate and affects protein synthesis and the sensitivity of the body to catecholamines.

Pharmacokinetics

Liothyronine is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, with peak serum levels occurring within 2 to 4 hours after oral administration. It has a half-life of approximately 2.5 days, which is shorter than that of levothyroxine. This shorter half-life allows for more precise control of hormone levels in the body.

Side effects

Common side effects of liothyronine include symptoms of hyperthyroidism, such as increased heart rate, anxiety, and weight loss. Overdose can lead to serious complications like atrial fibrillation and osteoporosis.

Contraindications

Liothyronine is contraindicated in patients with uncorrected adrenal insufficiency and untreated thyrotoxicosis. Caution is advised in patients with cardiovascular disease due to the risk of exacerbating heart conditions.

Related pages

• Thyroid hormone
• Hypothyroidism
• Levothyroxine
• Thyroid function test