Leaflets

Leaflets
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Leaflets are thin, flat structures that are part of the heart valves. They play a crucial role in the proper functioning of the heart by ensuring unidirectional blood flow through the heart chambers. Each heart valve consists of leaflets that open and close with each heartbeat.

Structure

The human heart contains four main valves: the tricuspid valve, pulmonary valve, mitral valve, and aortic valve. Each of these valves has leaflets:

• The tricuspid valve typically has three leaflets.
• The pulmonary valve usually has three leaflets.
• The mitral valve has two leaflets, also known as cusps.
• The aortic valve generally has three leaflets.

Function

The primary function of the leaflets is to prevent the backflow of blood. During the cardiac cycle, the leaflets open to allow blood to flow from one chamber to another and close to prevent blood from flowing backward. This ensures efficient circulation and maintains the cardiac output.

Pathology

Diseases affecting the leaflets can lead to valvular heart disease. Common conditions include:

• Mitral valve prolapse - where the leaflets of the mitral valve bulge into the left atrium during systole.
• Aortic stenosis - a condition where the leaflets of the aortic valve become stiff and do not open fully.
• Regurgitation - occurs when the leaflets do not close properly, allowing blood to flow backward.

Diagnosis

The condition of the leaflets can be assessed using various diagnostic tools such as:

• Echocardiography - an ultrasound of the heart that provides images of the heart valves and leaflets.
• Cardiac MRI - offers detailed images of the heart's structure, including the leaflets.
• Cardiac catheterization - can be used to evaluate the function of the heart valves.

Treatment

Treatment for leaflet-related conditions may include:

• Medication - to manage symptoms and prevent complications.
• Surgical repair or replacement of the affected valve.
• Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) - a minimally invasive procedure to replace a diseased aortic valve.

See also

• Heart valve disease
• Cardiac cycle
• Cardiology

External links

• Heart Valves on WikiMD