Junctional epithelium

Junctional epithelium is a specialized type of epithelium that connects the gingiva to the tooth surface. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of the periodontium and protecting the underlying connective tissue and alveolar bone from the microbial environment of the oral cavity.

Structure

The junctional epithelium is composed of two types of cells: basal cells and suprabasal cells. The basal cells are located at the base of the epithelium and are responsible for its renewal, while the suprabasal cells are located above the basal layer and are involved in the formation of the epithelial attachment to the tooth.

Function

The primary function of the junctional epithelium is to form a seal between the gingiva and the tooth, preventing the penetration of bacteria and other harmful substances into the underlying tissues. It also plays a role in the immune response to oral bacteria, as it contains immune cells such as neutrophils and lymphocytes that can respond to bacterial invasion.

Clinical significance

Alterations in the structure or function of the junctional epithelium can lead to periodontal diseases such as gingivitis and periodontitis. For example, the breakdown of the epithelial attachment can result in the formation of a periodontal pocket, which can harbor bacteria and exacerbate the inflammatory response.

See also

• Oral epithelium
• Periodontal ligament
• Cementum