John Hancock

Coat of Arms of John Hancock

Samuel Adams by John Singleton Copley

John Hancock painting

Boston 1768 edit

Hancock mezzotint

John Hancock (January 23, 1737 [O.S. January 12, 1736] – October 8, 1793) was an American merchant, statesman, and prominent Patriot of the American Revolution. He served as president of the Second Continental Congress and was the first and third Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. He is remembered for his large and stylish signature on the United States Declaration of Independence, so much so that the term "John Hancock" has become a synonym in the United States for one's signature.

Early Life

John Hancock was born in Braintree, Massachusetts, on January 23, 1737. He was orphaned as a child and adopted by his uncle, a wealthy Boston merchant. Hancock attended Harvard College and graduated in 1754. After college, he worked in his uncle's mercantile business, eventually inheriting the business and becoming one of the wealthiest men in the colonies.

Role in the American Revolution

Hancock's involvement in colonial politics began in the 1760s when he opposed the Stamp Act and other forms of British taxation without colonial representation. His ship, the Liberty, was seized by British officials in 1768 for alleged smuggling, which made him a martyr in the eyes of many colonists and escalated tensions leading to the American Revolution.

As president of the Second Continental Congress, Hancock was the first to sign the Declaration of Independence in 1776, famously doing so in a bold script. His leadership and financial contributions were crucial to the Patriot cause, providing funds for supplies and supporting revolutionary efforts.

Governor of Massachusetts

After the war, Hancock served multiple terms as Governor of Massachusetts. His tenure was marked by efforts to stabilize the state's economy and navigate the challenges of transitioning from war to peace. He was also instrumental in the ratification of the United States Constitution by Massachusetts, advocating for the addition of a Bill of Rights.

Death and Legacy

John Hancock died on October 8, 1793, at the age of 56. He is remembered as a founding father of the United States, with his flamboyant signature symbolizing American independence and liberty. The John Hancock Tower in Boston and the John Hancock Financial company are named in his honor, reflecting his lasting impact on American culture and history.

See Also

• Founding Fathers of the United States
• American Revolutionary War
• History of Massachusetts

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