Sodium channel
Sodium Channel
The Sodium Channel (pronunciation: SO-dee-um CHAN-nel) is a type of ion channel that is selective for the passage of sodium ions (Na+) across the cell membrane. The sodium channel plays a key role in the generation and propagation of action potential in neurons and muscle cells.
Etymology
The term "Sodium Channel" is derived from the Latin word natrium, meaning sodium, and the Old English word ciell, meaning a compartment or chamber. The term refers to the pathway that allows sodium ions to pass through the cell membrane.
Function
Sodium channels are integral membrane proteins that form ion channels, conducting sodium ions through a cell's plasma membrane. They are classified into two types: voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC) and non-voltage-gated sodium channels. The opening and closing of the sodium channels are responsible for the upstroke of the action potential, which is crucial for the propagation of nerve impulses.
Related Terms
- Ion Channel: A pore-forming protein that helps establish and control the small voltage gradient across the plasma membrane of all living cells by allowing the flow of ions down their electrochemical gradient.
- Action Potential: A short-lasting event in which the electrical membrane potential of a cell rapidly rises and falls, following a consistent trajectory.
- Cell Membrane: A biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment.
- Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel (VGSC): A class of transmembrane proteins that form ion channels, conducting sodium ions (Na+) through a cell's plasma membrane.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Sodium channel
- Wikipedia's article - Sodium channel
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