Inversion

Inversion is a term used in genetics to describe a chromosomal abnormality where a segment of a chromosome is reversed end to end. This can occur as a result of a process called recombination between DNA sequences that are inverted relative to each other.

Causes

Inversions can be caused by physical and chemical agents, such as radiation and certain carcinogens. They can also occur spontaneously during DNA replication or meiosis, the process of cell division that produces gametes for sexual reproduction.

Types of Inversions

There are two types of inversions: pericentric and paracentric.

Pericentric Inversions

Pericentric inversion involves the centromere, the part of a chromosome that links sister chromatids. During this type of inversion, a segment of the chromosome that includes the centromere is flipped in orientation.

Paracentric Inversions

Paracentric inversion, on the other hand, does not involve the centromere. Instead, it occurs when a segment of a chromosome excluding the centromere is inverted.

Effects of Inversions

Inversions can have various effects on an organism's genotype and phenotype. They can lead to changes in the order of genes on a chromosome, which can affect the regulation of those genes. In some cases, inversions can lead to genetic disorders or increase the risk of certain diseases.

Inversion in Humans

In humans, inversions have been associated with a number of genetic disorders, including hemophilia and chronic myeloid leukemia. They can also lead to infertility due to the production of abnormal gametes during meiosis.

See Also

• Chromosome
• Genetics
• DNA replication
• Meiosis
• Gametes
• Centromere
• Genotype
• Phenotype
• Hemophilia
• Chronic myeloid leukemia

References

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