Constipation

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Constipation
Synonyms	Costiveness, dyschezia
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Infrequent bowel movements, hard stools, abdominal pain
Complications	Hemorrhoids, anal fissure, fecal impaction
Onset	Any age
Duration	Can be chronic or acute
Types	N/A
Causes	Dietary habits, medications, medical conditions
Risks	Low fiber diet, dehydration, sedentary lifestyle
Diagnosis	Medical history, physical examination, colonoscopy
Differential diagnosis	Irritable bowel syndrome, bowel obstruction, hypothyroidism
Prevention	High fiber diet, adequate hydration, regular exercise
Treatment	Laxatives, dietary changes, biofeedback
Medication	Stool softeners, osmotic laxatives, stimulant laxatives
Prognosis	N/A
Frequency	Common
Deaths	Rare

Constipation is a common medical condition characterized by infrequent bowel movements and difficulty in passing stool. It can be chronic or acute, and is often a symptom of other gastrointestinal disorders.

Definition

Constipation is typically defined as having fewer than three bowel movements per week. It can also involve other unpleasant symptoms, such as discomfort when going to the bathroom, abdominal bloating, and the sensation of incomplete evacuation.

Causes

There are many potential causes of constipation, including dietary factors, lack of physical activity, medications, and certain medical conditions. In some cases, the cause of constipation is unknown. This is referred to as idiopathic constipation.

Dietary factors

A diet low in fiber is a common cause of constipation. Fiber helps to bulk up the stool and promotes regular bowel movements. Other dietary factors that can contribute to constipation include a lack of fluids and an over-reliance on processed foods.

Physical activity

Lack of physical activity can also lead to constipation. Regular exercise stimulates the muscles in the intestines, helping to move stool through the digestive tract.

Medications

Certain medications can cause constipation as a side effect. These include certain pain medications, antidepressants, and iron supplements.

Medical conditions

A number of medical conditions can cause constipation. These include irritable bowel syndrome, Parkinson's disease, diabetes, and hypothyroidism.

Treatment

Treatment for constipation typically involves changes to diet and lifestyle, such as increasing fiber intake, drinking more fluids, and getting regular exercise. In some cases, medication may be necessary.

Gallery

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  Bristol Stool Chart
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  Constipation
• 
  A monkey rejects the old style clyster for his new 'clyso-pompe', which he fills with opium and marshmallow

See also

• Irritable bowel syndrome
• Gastrointestinal disorders
• Dietary fiber

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