Human T-lymphotropic virus 2

Human T-lymphotropic virus 2

Human T-lymphotropic virus 2 (HTLV-2) /ˈeɪtʃtiːɛlviːtuː/ is a retrovirus that is known to cause a type of leukemia and lymphoma called HTLV-2-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP).

Etymology

The term "lymphotropic" comes from the Greek words "lympho-" (relating to lymph or lymphatic tissue) and "-tropic" (having an affinity for). The "T" in T-lymphotropic refers to the T cells that the virus infects.

Transmission

HTLV-2 is transmitted through sexual contact, from mother to child via breastfeeding, and through exposure to contaminated blood, such as through blood transfusion or sharing of needles.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

Most people infected with HTLV-2 remain asymptomatic, but some develop HAM/TSP. Symptoms of HAM/TSP include weakness and stiffness in the legs, lower back pain, and urinary incontinence. Diagnosis of HTLV-2 infection is typically made through blood tests that detect antibodies to the virus.

Treatment and Prevention

There is currently no cure for HTLV-2, but antiretroviral therapy can help control the virus. Prevention strategies include practicing safe sex, avoiding sharing needles, and screening blood donations.

Related Terms

• Retrovirus
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma
• T cells
• Antiretroviral therapy

External links

• Medical encyclopedia article on Human T-lymphotropic virus 2
• Wikipedia's article - Human T-lymphotropic virus 2

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