Hinge joint
Hinge Joint
A Hinge Joint (pronunciation: /ˈhinj ˈjoint/) is a type of joint that operates similarly to the mechanism of a door hinge.
Etymology
The term "hinge joint" is derived from the mechanical hinge, which describes its function. The word "hinge" comes from the Old English hengen meaning "to hang", and "joint" from the Latin iunctus, meaning "to join".
Definition
A hinge joint is a synovial joint that allows movement along one plane, permitting flexion and extension only. This type of joint is formed between two or more bones where the bones can only move along one axis to flex or extend. The most recognizable hinge joints in the human body are the elbow and the knee.
Structure
Hinge joints are composed of three main components: the articular capsule, the articular cartilage, and the synovial membrane. The articular capsule is a fibrous tissue that surrounds the joint and seals the synovial fluid inside. The articular cartilage covers the ends of the bones that form the joint, reducing friction and absorbing shock. The synovial membrane lines the articular capsule and secretes synovial fluid to lubricate the joint.
Function
The primary function of a hinge joint is to allow movement in one direction, similar to the function of a door hinge. This allows for flexion (bending) and extension (straightening) of the joint. The hinge joint also provides stability and restricts movements to one plane, preventing side-to-side or twisting motions.
Related Terms
- Synovial Joint: A type of joint that is surrounded by a thick flexible membrane forming a sac into which is secreted a viscous fluid that lubricates the joint.
- Elbow: The joint connecting the forearm to the upper arm.
- Knee: The joint connecting the thigh with the lower leg.
- Articular Capsule: The fibrous envelope enclosing a synovial joint.
- Articular Cartilage: The smooth, white tissue that covers the ends of bones where they come together to form joints.
- Synovial Membrane: The soft tissue that lines the non-cartilaginous surfaces within joints.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Hinge joint
- Wikipedia's article - Hinge joint
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