Gum

General Information
Latin	Gingiva
Greek
TA98
TA2
FMA
Details
System	Digestive system
Artery	Superior alveolar arteries, Inferior alveolar artery
Vein	Superior alveolar veins, Inferior alveolar vein
Nerve	Superior alveolar nerves, Inferior alveolar nerve
Lymphatic drainage
Precursor
Function
Identifiers
Clinical significance
Notes

The gum or gingiva is an integral part of the soft tissue lining of the mouth. It surrounds the teeth and provides a seal around them. Composed mainly of mucous membrane, the gum covers the alveolar processes of the mandible and maxilla and surrounds the teeth to provide a protective barrier.

Structure

The gum is divided into two main areas: the free gingiva and the attached gingiva. The free gingiva forms the soft tissue wall of the gingival sulcus and is not directly attached to the teeth or the jawbone. The attached gingiva is firm, dense, and tightly bound to the underlying bone, helping to resist the mechanical forces created during activities such as chewing.

Function

The primary function of the gums is to protect the underlying bone and the roots of the teeth by providing a robust seal. Healthy gums are essential for maintaining overall dental health, as they help to prevent bacteria from reaching the sensitive areas beneath the gum line, which can lead to periodontal disease.

Health and Disease

1. 1. 1. Gingivitis

Gingivitis is a common form of gum disease characterized by inflammation of the gums, often caused by plaque buildup. Symptoms include redness, swelling, and bleeding during brushing or flossing.

1. 1. 1. Periodontitis

If gingivitis is left untreated, it can progress to periodontitis, a more severe form of gum disease. Periodontitis can lead to the destruction of the supporting bone around the teeth, resulting in tooth loss.

1. 1. 1. Treatment

Treatment for gum disease typically involves good oral hygiene and may include professional cleaning, scaling, and root planing. In severe cases, surgical interventions such as flap surgery or bone and tissue grafts may be necessary.

Prevention

Preventive care for gums includes maintaining good oral hygiene, such as regular brushing, flossing, and using an antiseptic mouthwash. Regular dental check-ups are also crucial for detecting early signs of gum disease.

See also

• Tooth
• Oral hygiene
• Dental plaque
• Dentistry

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