Groundwater recharge

Groundwater Extraction

Groundwater extraction refers to the process of removing water from the subsurface of the earth. This is typically achieved through the use of wells and pumps. Groundwater extraction is a critical component of water supply systems, particularly in areas where surface water is scarce or unreliable.

Overview

Groundwater is water that is found underground in the cracks and spaces in soil, sand, and rock. It is stored in and moves slowly through geologic formations of soil, sand, and rocks called aquifers. Groundwater extraction is the process of bringing this water to the surface for use.

Methods of Groundwater Extraction

There are several methods of groundwater extraction, the most common of which is the use of water wells. A well is drilled or dug into an aquifer, and a pump is used to bring the water to the surface. Other methods include the use of springs, artesian wells, and boreholes.

Water Wells

A water well is an excavation or structure created in the ground by digging, driving, boring, or drilling to access groundwater in underground aquifers. The well water is drawn by a pump, or using containers, such as buckets, that are raised mechanically or by hand.

Springs

A spring is a point at which water flows from an aquifer to the Earth's surface. It is a component of the hydrologic cycle and is often used as a source for groundwater extraction.

Artesian Wells

An artesian well is a well that doesn't require a pump to bring the water to the surface; this can occur if there is enough pressure in the aquifer. The water will flow up the well on its own.

Boreholes

A borehole is a narrow shaft bored in the ground, either vertically or horizontally. It can be used for extracting groundwater among other purposes.

Impacts of Groundwater Extraction

Excessive groundwater extraction can lead to several environmental issues, including land subsidence, saltwater intrusion, and depletion of surface water sources. It can also lead to a decrease in biodiversity and can impact ecosystems that rely on consistent water levels.

Regulation and Management

The regulation and management of groundwater extraction vary widely around the world. In many areas, water rights or permits are required to extract groundwater. In some cases, water metering is used to measure and regulate extraction.

See Also

• Water supply
• Hydrology
• Water resources
• Water conservation

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  Diagram of the surface water cycle
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  Diagram of groundwater flow
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