Glicaramide

Glicaramide

Chemical structure of Glicaramide

Glicaramide is a sulfonylurea class antidiabetic drug used in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It functions by stimulating the release of insulin from the beta cells of the pancreas.

Mechanism of Action

Glicaramide works by binding to the sulfonylurea receptor on the surface of pancreatic beta cells. This binding leads to the closure of ATP-sensitive potassium channels, resulting in the depolarization of the cell membrane. The depolarization opens voltage-gated calcium channels, allowing calcium ions to enter the cell. The increase in intracellular calcium concentration triggers the exocytosis of insulin-containing granules, thereby increasing insulin secretion.

Pharmacokinetics

Glicaramide is administered orally and is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. It is extensively metabolized in the liver to active metabolites, which contribute to its hypoglycemic effect. The drug and its metabolites are excreted primarily in the urine.

Clinical Use

Glicaramide is indicated for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients who cannot achieve adequate glycemic control with diet and exercise alone. It is often used in combination with other antidiabetic agents such as metformin or thiazolidinediones.

Side Effects

Common side effects of glicaramide include hypoglycemia, weight gain, and gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea and diarrhea. Rarely, it may cause allergic reactions or hematological disorders such as leukopenia or thrombocytopenia.

Contraindications

Glicaramide is contraindicated in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, diabetic ketoacidosis, or severe renal or hepatic impairment. It should be used with caution in patients with cardiovascular disease.

Related Pages

• Sulfonylurea
• Type 2 diabetes mellitus
• Insulin
• Pancreas