Genome sequencing
Genome sequencing
Genome sequencing (pronunciation: /ˈdʒiːnoʊm ˈsiːkwənsɪŋ/) is a laboratory process that determines the complete DNA sequence of an organism's genome at a single time. This entails sequencing all of an organism's chromosomal DNA as well as DNA contained in the mitochondria and, for plants, in the chloroplast.
Etymology
The term "genome" was coined in 1920 by Hans Winkler, professor of botany at the University of Hamburg, Germany. The term "sequencing" comes from the Latin "sequentia", meaning "following".
Process
Genome sequencing is accomplished by extracting the DNA from the cells of an organism. This DNA is then broken down into smaller pieces, which are sequenced individually using a method known as Sanger sequencing or Next-generation sequencing. The resulting sequences are then reassembled to form the complete genome sequence.
Applications
Genome sequencing has a wide range of applications in various fields such as genetics, medicine, biotechnology, and forensics. It is used to identify genetic disorders, study the evolution and migration of species, and develop personalized medicine.
Related terms
- Genomics: The study of genomes, including genome sequencing, annotation, analysis, and comparison.
- Genetic mapping: A method used to identify the location of genes on a chromosome.
- Bioinformatics: The use of computer science, statistics, and mathematics to analyze and interpret biological data, including genome sequences.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Genome sequencing
- Wikipedia's article - Genome sequencing
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