Galvanic cell
Galvanic Cell
A Galvanic cell, also known as a voltaic cell or chemical cell, is an electrochemical cell that derives electrical energy from spontaneous redox reactions taking place within the cell. It generally consists of two different metals connected by a salt bridge, or individual half-cells separated by a porous membrane.
Pronunciation
Galvanic Cell: /ɡælˈvænɪk sɛl/
Etymology
The term "Galvanic" is derived from the name of Italian scientist Luigi Galvani, who discovered the principle of electrochemical cells. The term "cell" comes from the Latin "cella", meaning a small room, referring to the compartment in which the reaction takes place.
Structure
A Galvanic cell consists of two half-cells. Each half-cell consists of an electrode and an electrolyte. The two half-cells may use different chemical solutions. The reactions in the two half-cells are called half-cell reactions.
Function
The function of a Galvanic cell is to convert chemical energy into electrical energy. This is achieved through a series of redox reactions that occur within the cell. The flow of electrons from one half-cell to the other through an external circuit provides the electrical energy.
Related Terms
- Electrode: A conductor through which electricity enters or leaves an object, substance, or region.
- Electrolyte: A liquid or gel that contains ions and can be used to conduct electricity.
- Redox: A type of chemical reaction that involves a transfer of electrons between two species.
- Salt Bridge: A laboratory device used to connect the oxidation and reduction half-cells of a galvanic cell.
- Half-cell: A structure that contains a conductive electrode and a surrounding conductive electrolyte separated by a naturally occurring Helmholtz double layer.
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