Fusidic acid
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Overview[edit]
Fusidic acid is a steroid antibiotic that is primarily used to treat bacterial infections, particularly those caused by Staphylococcus aureus. It is a member of the fusidane class of antibiotics and is known for its ability to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis.
Mechanism of Action[edit]
Fusidic acid works by interfering with the function of elongation factor G (EF-G) in the bacterial ribosome. This inhibition prevents the translocation step in protein synthesis, effectively halting bacterial growth. Unlike many other antibiotics, fusidic acid does not directly kill bacteria but rather inhibits their ability to multiply, making it a bacteriostatic agent.
Clinical Uses[edit]
Fusidic acid is commonly used in the treatment of skin infections such as impetigo, cellulitis, and wound infections. It is also used in osteomyelitis and endocarditis caused by susceptible strains of bacteria. The antibiotic is available in various forms, including topical creams, ointments, and oral tablets.
Pharmacokinetics[edit]
Fusidic acid is well absorbed when administered orally and is widely distributed throughout the body. It is highly protein-bound and is metabolized in the liver. The drug is primarily excreted in the bile, with a small amount eliminated via the urine.
Side Effects[edit]
Common side effects of fusidic acid include gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea and diarrhea. Topical application may cause local irritation or contact dermatitis. Rarely, systemic use can lead to liver dysfunction or jaundice.
Resistance[edit]
Resistance to fusidic acid can develop through mutations in the bacterial ribosomal protein or EF-G. However, it remains an effective treatment option for many methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections.
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