Frontal nerve

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Frontal nerve

The frontal nerve is a branch of the ophthalmic nerve (V1), which is itself a branch of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V). It is one of the major sensory nerves of the face and scalp.

Anatomy

The frontal nerve arises from the ophthalmic nerve within the orbit. It travels forward between the levator palpebrae superioris muscle and the periorbita, eventually dividing into two main branches: the supraorbital nerve and the supratrochlear nerve.

Branches

• Supraorbital nerve: This branch exits the orbit through the supraorbital foramen or notch and supplies sensation to the forehead, scalp, and upper eyelid.
• Supratrochlear nerve: This smaller branch exits the orbit medially to the supraorbital nerve and supplies sensation to the medial aspect of the forehead and the upper eyelid.

Function

The primary function of the frontal nerve is to provide sensory innervation to the skin of the forehead, scalp, and upper eyelid. It plays a crucial role in the sensation of touch, pain, and temperature in these regions.

Clinical Significance

Damage to the frontal nerve can result in loss of sensation or numbness in its area of distribution. This can occur due to trauma, surgical procedures, or conditions such as trigeminal neuralgia.

Related Structures

• Ophthalmic nerve
• Trigeminal nerve
• Supraorbital nerve
• Supratrochlear nerve
• Orbit (anatomy)
• Levator palpebrae superioris

See Also

• Trigeminal neuralgia
• Cranial nerves
• Sensory nerves